The Long and Short of the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
a larger puzzle whose picture depicts the many impacts of the FTA. For example, Claussing (1995) focuses on trade effects, Gaston and Treer (1997) only explore employment effects, and Head and Ries (1999b) only examine plant size effects. Thus, none of the existing studies can address the trade-offs between long-run efficiency gains and short-run adjustment costs. In addition, this paper offers a large number of renements that improve on existing approaches. This paper does not provide the silver bullet that makes the case either for or against free trade. I offer clear evidence that the FTA created substantial long-run productivity benets. However, the short-run worker-displacement costs were also substantial. There is thus a question of net benets left hanging, but whose answer has been considerably rened by the research to be presented. I hope that the results here take us one step closer to understanding how freer trade can be implemented in an industrialized economy in a way that recognizes both the long-run gains and the short-run adjustment costs borne by workers and others.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it