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Does the inclusion of grey literature influence estimates of intervention effectiveness reported in meta-analyses?

2000· article· en· 821 citations· W2150491173 on OpenAlex· 10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02786-0

Why is this work in the frame?

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

Canadian affiliationAn author listed a Canadian institution. This is the only route the usual frame has.

Machine scores (provisional)

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Opus teacher head0.599
GPT teacher head0.549
Teacher spread
0.050 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Abstract

No abstract. This is not a gap in this database — OpenAlex has none either. 23.3% of the frame is in this state, and the screen finds HALF as much metaresearch here, so the absence is a measured bias rather than a missing field.

The record

Venue
The Lancet
Topic
Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
Field
Decision Sciences
Canadian institutions
University of OttawaChildren's Hospital of Eastern Ontario
Funders
Keywords
Meta-analysisGrey literatureSystematic reviewMedicineInclusion and exclusion criteriaMeta-regressionPsychological interventionOdds ratioRandom effects modelSample size determinationStatisticsMEDLINEMathematicsPsychiatryPathologyAlternative medicineBiology
Has abstract in OpenAlex
no