Effectiveness of protein‐rich pea flour for the control of stored‐product beetles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Protein‐rich pea flour is toxic to many stored‐product insects. We investigated several factors that may affect the efficacy of protein‐rich pea flour: insect species, insect population densities, grain species, temperature, and moisture. Adult Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was more susceptible to protein‐rich pea flour than Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae). Protein‐rich pea flour did not increase the mortality of adult Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). However, it reduced the number of offspring of all three species. The toxicity of protein‐rich pea flour was not reduced after 9 months when stored at −15 °C, or at room temperature as flour or mixed with grain. Its toxicity in wheat increased with higher temperature and at lower grain moisture contents. Protein‐rich pea flour was more toxic in wheat and barley than in maize. This difference among grain species was not due to the kernel size of the grain, as ground wheat or maize with the same particle size still had different LD50s.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".