The Variational Inference Approach to Joint Data Detection and Phase Noise Estimation in OFDM
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper studies the mitigation of phase noise (PHN) in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) data detection. We present a systematic probabilistic framework that leads to both optimal and near-optimal OFDM detection schemes in the presence of unknown PHN. In contrast to the conventional approach that cancels the common (average) PHN, our aim is to jointly estimate the complete PHN sequence and the data symbol sequence. We derive a family of low-complexity OFDM detectors for this purpose. The theoretical foundation on which these detectors are based is called variational inference, an approximate probabilistic inference technique associated with the minimization of variational free energy. In deriving the proposed schemes, we also point out that the expectation-maximization algorithm is a special case of the variational-inference-based joint estimator. Further complexity reduction is obtained using the conjugate gradient (CG) method, and only a few CG iterations are needed to closely approach the ideal joint estimator output
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it