Acute vascular responses to isometric handgrip exercise and effects of training in persons medicated for hypertension
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Previous work from our laboratory demonstrated that isometric handgrip (IHG) training improved local, endothelium-dependent vasodilation in medicated hypertensives [McGowan CL (PhD Thesis), 2006; McGowan et al. Physiologist 47: 285, 2004]. We investigated whether changes in the capacity of smooth muscle to dilate (regardless of endothelial factors) influenced this training-induced change, and we examined the acute vascular responses to a single bout of IHG. Seventeen subjects performed four 2-min unilateral IHG contractions at 30% of maximal voluntary effort, three times a week for 8 wk. Pre- and posttraining, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD, an index of endothelium-dependent vasodilation) and nitroglycerin-mediated maximal vasodilation (an index of endothelium-independent vasodilation) were measured in the exercised arm by using ultrasound before and immediately after acute IHG exercise. IHG training resulted in improved resting brachial FMD (P < 0.01) and no change in nitroglycerin-mediated maximal vasodilation. Pre- and posttraining, brachial artery FMD decreased following an acute bout of IHG exercise (normalized to peak shear rate, pre-, before IHG exercise: 0.01 +/- 0.002, after IHG exercise: 0.008 +/- 0.002%/s(-1); post-, before IHG exercise: 0.020 +/- 0.003, after IHG exercise: 0.010 +/- 0.003%/s(-1); P < 0.01). Posttraining, resting brachial artery FMD improved yet nitroglycerin-mediated maximal vasodilation was unchanged in persons medicated for hypertension. This suggests that the training-induced improvements in the resting brachial artery FMD were not due to underlying changes in the forearm vasculature. Acute IHG exercise attenuated brachial artery FMD, and although this impairment may be interpreted as hazardous to medicated hypertensives with already dysfunctional endothelium, the effects appear transient as repeated exposure to the IHG stimulus improved resting endothelium-dependent vasodilation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".