Effects of phosphorus on growth and competitive interactions of native and introduced species found in White Box woodlands
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract White Box (Eucalyptus albens Benth.) woodlands are among Australia's most endangered ecosystems and are threatened by exotic species invasion. There is evidence from other Australian communities that phosphorus enrichment can facilitate invasion, and differential growth of native and exotic species under increased phosphorus is a possible mechanism. Two glasshouse experiments were designed to test the following three questions relating to species responses to phosphorus: (i) do exotic and native species have different patterns of growth along a gradient of increasing phosphorus?; (ii) do exotic species have a greater competitive effect on native species than do conspecifics?; (iii) does phosphorus enrichment compound the competitive effect of exotic species on native species? Four native perennial species (Themeda australis (R. Br.) Staph., Bothriochloa macra (Steud.) S. T. Blake, Austrodanthonia racemosa (R. Br.) H. P. Linder and Eucalyptus albens) and two exotic annual species (Vulpia bromoides (L) Gray and Echium plantagineum L) were used. In the first experiment, plants were grown individually under six levels of soil phosphorus ranging from 0 to 60 p.p.m. In the second experiment, individuals of Eucalyptus albens and B. macra were grown alone, with a conspecific competitor, or with an exotic (V. bromoides or Echium plantagineum) competitor under low (10 p.p.m.) and high (100 p.p.m.) phosphorus. Both exotic species showed a greater positive response to increased phosphorus than the native species in experiment 1, and Eucalyptus albens seedlings grown with Echium plantagineum were significantly smaller than individuals grown alone or with Eucalyptus albens in experiment 2. There was no evidence that high phosphorus increased the competitive effect of the exotic species, but the combination of a strong positive response to phosphorus and a strong effect on growth of a native species indicates that phosphorus enrichment could favour exotic species in woodland remnants and that field studies testing the effect of phosphorus in a broader context would be appropriate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".