Abundance of minke whales (<i>Balaenoptera acutorostrata</i>) in the Northeast Atlantic: variability in time and space
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Regional sighting surveys with two independent observers on each vessel were conducted each year from 1996 to 2001. Northern minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) are mostly solitary animals and are only available for observation at moments when they surface to breath. Thus, a stochastic point process model is developed for how the data are generated. The hazard probability of initially sighting a whale that surfaces depends on relative spatial coordinates and on other covariates. The parameters of the model are estimated by maximum likelihood. To account for interannual variation in spatial distribution of minke whales, a random effects model is developed and estimated by comparing current and past (1989 and 1995) survey data. A simulation approach is taken to remove bias from parameter estimates and to assess the uncertainty in the results. For total abundance, the result is a log-normal confidence distribution with quantiles 107 205·exp(0.137z), i.e., an abundance estimate of 107 205 with a coefficient of variation of ≈0.14. Together with these and earlier survey data, past data on catch, markrecapture, and satellite tracking are reviewed to elucidate distribution and migration patterns in Northeastern Atlantic minke whales.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".