On the Peak Factor of Sampled and Continuous Signals
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The peak factor of a continuous digitally- modulated signal is often analyzed from its samples taken at the Nyquist rate. This, however, may involve a significant error. It has been claimed, based on an illustrative example, that the peak factor of a continuous signal may be arbitrary large while the peak factor of the corresponding sampled signal is limited [Wulich, D., 2000]. A validity of this example has been questioned in [Ermolova, N., 2001; Minn, E., et al., 2001] based on a flaw in [Wulich, D., 2000]. In this paper, we demonstrate that the original illustrative example requires a small modification only to remove the flaw. It is also demonstrated that the continuous peak factor, in its traditional definition, may be arbitrary large while the sampled peak factor and the signal energy are bounded. An upper bound on the continuous peak factor of a BPSK sequence is derived.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it