Territory structure, parental provisioning, and chick growth in the American Black Oystercatcher Haematopus bachmani
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We investigate parental food provisioning and chick growth to better understand how parental effort and territory structure relate to reproductive success in the American Black Oystercatcher. American Black Oystercatcher chick diet was comprised mainly of limpets. Most prey items were 20 mm or shorter in length. Provisioning rates (kJ h-1) were significantly correlated with mean delivery rates rather than mean prey size, and higher provisioning rates resulted from a greater number of deliveries of small prey items. Provisioning rates were extremely variable among pairs but increased significantly with brood size and brood age. Larger brood sizes occurred more frequently on shallow sloped territories, therefore provisioning rates were significantly higher on shallow sloped than steep sloped territories. Provisioning rates appeared to decrease with increasing intertidal slope, a trend significantly supported by the growth patterns of the slow-growing chick in multi-chick broods. The effect of intertidal slope became more important when chicks were older and demand was higher, with parents occupying shallow territories achieving higher provisioning rates to older chicks relative to parents on steep territories. We discuss the hypothesis that American Black Oystercatcher parents adjust parental effort with respect to territory quality and propose possible parental adjustment mechanisms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".