Expression and regulation of cyclooxygenase‐2 in normal and neoplastic canine keratinocytes
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the most common cancers in dogs, yet relatively little is known about the molecular events involved in its development. Increasing evidence implicates cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the pathogenesis of various cancers in humans and animals. COX-2 overexpression has recently been demonstrated in canine SCCs. The objective of our study was to characterize the expression and regulation of COX-2 in normal and neoplastic canine keratinocytes (CKs) to provide an in vitro system to investigate the implication of COX-2 in SCC oncogenesis in dogs. Cell lines derived from normal CKs and neoplastic CKs (SCCs) were cultured in the absence or presence of agonists, and immunoblots, immunocytochemistry, radioimmunoassays and a cell proliferation assay were used to characterize COX-2 expression and action. Results showed that neoplastic keratinocytes had a higher basal COX-2 expression than normal keratinocytes. In both cell lines, stimulation with the tumour promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induced a time-dependent increase in COX-2 protein, with COX-2 induction being stronger in cancerous SCC than in normal CK cells. Moreover, SCC cells produced significantly more PGE(2) than CK cells, under both baseline and stimulated conditions (P < 0.05). NS-398, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, inhibited prostaglandin (PG)E(2) synthesis and decreased proliferation of CK and SCC cells (P < 0.05). Collectively, our results indicate that the canine neoplastic keratinocyte SCC cell line expresses more COX-2 and produces more PGE(2) than the normal keratinocyte CK cell line, thus providing an in vitro system to study the molecular basis of elevated COX-2 expression in SCCs in dogs.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it