Properties of high heliolatitude solar energetic particle events and constraints on models of acceleration and propagation
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We analyse 9 large solar energetic particle (SEP) events detected by the Ulysses spacecraft at high heliolatitudes during the recent solar maximum polar passes. Properties of time intensity profiles from the Ulysses/COSPIN instrument are compared with those measured by SOHO/COSTEP and Wind/3DP near Earth. We find that onset times and times to maximum at high latitude are delayed compared to in‐ecliptic values. We show that the parameter which best orders these characteristics of time profiles is the difference in latitude between the associated flare and the spacecraft. We find that the presence of a shock is not necessary for the establishing of near equal intensities at Ulysses and in the ecliptic during the decay phase. The model of SEP acceleration by coronal mass ejection driven shocks does not appear to account for our observations, which would more easily be explained by particle diffusion across the interplanetary magnetic field.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it