Wheeling efficiency: The effects of varying tyre pressure with children and adolescents
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: Clinicians often observe child wheelchair users wheeling on tyres that are not inflated to manufacturer's recommendations. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in energy expenditure that are related to decreased tyre pressure. METHODS: A within subject repeated measures design was used to assess the energy requirements of wheeling with four randomized tire inflation levels (25, 50, 75 and 100% of recommended tire pressure, 100 psi). All 10 subjects (mean age 14.2 +/- 2.3 years completed four 5-minute trials (one for each tyre pressure), while wheeling at a constant, self-selected velocity. Heart rate and wheeling velocity were measured. RESULTS: There was no change in wheeling velocity with changes in tyre pressure; however, energy expenditure was found to increase by over 15% with decreasing tyre pressure (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In order for children to minimize their energy expenditure and, thus, improve their independence, clinicians and parents must be educated as to the importance of regular wheelchair tyre inflation regimes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".