A New Transistor-Redundant Voter for Defect-Tolerant Digital Circuits
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
As CMOS technology is being scaled down aggressively towards the nano-regime, digital circuits are becoming more and more prone to failure, not only because of transient faults, but more likely as a result of permanent defects. This paper presents a new technique for defect-tolerance at the transistor level called transistor redundancy (TR); targeting the voter design in fault-tolerant systems. This is the first time transistor redundancy is used to design the first defect-tolerant voter circuit. TR allows the masking of faults resulting from permanent defects, since it uses redundant transistors to implement the functionality of each transistor. Circuit simulations of n-bit TR-voter based triple modular redundancy (TMR) adder were conducted and the results were compared with conventional-voter based TMR adder. The use of the proposed TR-voter gives 100% fault masking capabilities (considering the single fault scenario) compared to fault-intolerant conventional-voter that does not mask any defect. There was no increase in the time delay but the total number of transistor, for each adder, increased by 25% compared to conventional TMR
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it