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The Chicxulub Asteroid Impact and Mass Extinction at the Cretaceous-Paleogene Boundary

2010· review· en· 1,602 citations· W2160490562 on OpenAlex· 10.1126/science.1177265

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Abstract

The Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary approximately 65.5 million years ago marks one of the three largest mass extinctions in the past 500 million years. The extinction event coincided with a large asteroid impact at Chicxulub, Mexico, and occurred within the time of Deccan flood basalt volcanism in India. Here, we synthesize records of the global stratigraphy across this boundary to assess the proposed causes of the mass extinction. Notably, a single ejecta-rich deposit compositionally linked to the Chicxulub impact is globally distributed at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. The temporal match between the ejecta layer and the onset of the extinctions and the agreement of ecological patterns in the fossil record with modeled environmental perturbations (for example, darkness and cooling) lead us to conclude that the Chicxulub impact triggered the mass extinction.

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The record

Venue
Science
Topic
Geological and Geochemical Analysis
Field
Earth and Planetary Sciences
Canadian institutions
Geological Survey of CanadaNatural Resources Canada
Funders
Science and Technology Facilities CouncilNatural Environment Research CouncilSight Research UK
Keywords
Extinction eventEjectaAsteroidGeologyExtinction (optical mineralogy)PaleontologyPaleogeneFlood basaltOceanographyCretaceousVolcanismEarth scienceAstrobiologyBiologyPhysicsTectonics
Has abstract in OpenAlex
yes