Extrinsic Rewards and Intrinsic Motivation in Education: Reconsidered Once Again
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Abstract
The finding that extrinsic rewards can undermine intrinsic motivation has been highly controversial since it first appeared ( Deci, 1971 ). A meta-analysis published in this journal (Cameron & Pierce, 1994) concluded that the undermining effect was minimal and largely inconsequential for educational policy. However, a more recent meta-analysis (Deci, Koestner, & Ryan, 1999 ) showed that the Cameron and Pierce meta-analysis was seriously flawed and that its conclusions were incorrect. This article briefly reviews the results of the more recent meta-analysis, which showed that tangible rewards do indeed have a substantial undermining effect. The meta-analysis provided strong support for cognitive evaluation theory (Deci & Ryan, 1980), which Cameron and Pierce had advocated abandoning. The results are briefly discussed in terms of their relevance for educational practice.
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The record
- Venue
- Review of Educational Research
- Topic
- Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
- Field
- Psychology
- Canadian institutions
- McGill University
- Funders
- —
- Keywords
- Deci-Meta-analysisPsychologyIntrinsic motivationRelevance (law)Positive economicsSocial psychologyEconomicsAutonomyPolitical science
- Has abstract in OpenAlex
- yes