Reply to letter to editor: Audible handheld Doppler ultrasound determines reliable and inexpensive exclusion of significant peripheral arterial disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Our study was designed as a screening test to offer anadditionaloptiontothebedsideportableDopplerAnkleBrachial Pressure Index (ABPI). ABPI is a difficult testto perform where an active ulcer is present over the areaof blood pressure cuff occlusion, when severe local painlimits the ability to perform the ABPI test or the vesselsare non-compressible (often in persons with diabetes)due to calcification with an ABPI level of greater than1.3. In our recent study, audible handheld Dopplerultrasound (AHDU) is a reliable simple bedside toolfor the screening of peripheral arterial disease with aspecificity of 97.5% and a negative predictive value of94.1%. The inter-rater reliability of the test performedbythephysicianandthenurseperformingAHDUintheclinic was very high with 87.5% agreement. Althoughthe sensitivity of the test is only 42.8%, it is a screeningtest that combined with physical findings to determinethe need for further vascular laboratory assessment.The study by Mustapha et al.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.018 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.016 | 0.015 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".