Filling Wet Paper with the Use of a Secondary Headbox
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pilot-scale trials on slow and fast Fourdrinier paper machines have shown that a sheet can be filled with clay and calcium carbonate by passing a concentrated filler suspension through a wet sheet. The suspension was supplied from a secondary headbox located at the dryline. The trials showed that no damage to the sheet occurs when the filler suspension is applied to the wet sheet. At low filler concentrations, an uneven distribution of filler in the sheet was observed in the z direction, but at high filler levels, the unevenness in filler distribution decreased. The strength of the paper decreased with increasing filler concentration, as is the case in conventionally filled paper. Aside from fillers, other chemicals can be retained by this process as well. Polyethylene imine (PEI) showed an increase in the dry strength of paper on the slow Fourdrinier machine, but not on the fast one. The main advantage of this method is that the filling process can be completely separated from the wet-end chemistry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".