Extended Hammerstein Behavioral Model Using Artificial Neural Networks
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, a novel extended Hammerstein model is presented to accurately mimic the dynamic nonlinearity of wideband RF power amplifiers (RFPAs). Starting with a conventional Hammerstein model scheme, which fails to predict the behavior of the RFPA with short-term memory effects, two areas of improvements were sought and found to allow for substantial improvement. First, a polar feed-forward neural network (FFNN) was carefully chosen to construct the memoryless part of the model. The error signal between the output and the input signal of the memoryless sub-model was then filtered and then post-injected at the model output. This extra branch, when compared to the conventional Hammerstein scheme, allowed for an extra mechanism to account for the memory effects due to dispersive biasing network that was present otherwise. The excellent estimation capability of the polar FFNN together with the additional filtered error signal post-injection led to remarkable accuracy when modeling two different RFPAs both driven with four-carrier wideband code division multiple access signals. Despite its simple topology and identification procedure, the extended Hammerstein model demonstrated is capable in accurately predicting the dynamic AM/AM and AM/PM characteristics and the output signal spectrum of the RFPA under test.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it