Classifying Web Pages by Genre: An n-Gram Approach
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The research reported in this paper is part of a larger project on the classification of Web pages by genre. Such classification is a potentially powerful tool in filtering the results of online searches. In this paper, we describe two sets of experiments investigating the automatic classification of Web pages by their genres. In these experiments, our approach is to represent the Web pages by profiles that are composed of fixed-length byte n-grams. The first set of experiments in this study examines the effect of three feature selection measures on the accuracy of Web page classification. The second set of experiments in this study compares the classification accuracy of three classification methods, each using n-gram representations of the Web pages. The classification methods which are compared are a distance function approach, the k-nearest neighbors method, and the support vector machine approach. We also examine a range of n-gram lengths and a range of Web page profile sizes to determine what combination(s) of n-gram length and profile size give the best classification accuracy. Each set of experiments is run on two well-known data sets, 7-Genre and KI-04, for which published results are available.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.010 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".