Contextualizing St. John’s Youth English within the Canadian Quotative System
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Investigations of the Canadian quotative system have to this point focused on mainland urban varieties where General Canadian English is considered to be the linguistic norm. The current analysis seeks to expand our understanding of this system by examining quotative usage among young girls in St. John’s, Newfoundland, where the local vernacular differs in significant ways from the national variety. Variationist methodology is employed on a small corpus of St. John’s Youth English (SJYE), revealing notable similarities in the distribution of quotatives as well as the operation of internal constraints across the paradigm between this variety and that of the mainland. At the same time, there is evidence that be like, the most recent of the quotative cohort, has grammaticalized further in SJYE than in General Canadian, raising questions about the routes by which this change is progressing. The results thus situate SJYEwithin the Canadian quotative system while at the same time highlighting the status of Newfoundland English as a unique Canadian variety.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.249 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it