Bibliographic record
Abstract
A number of new perspectives on wave processes in space may be obtained using a pair of phase-coherent receivers in close proximity to measure the direction of arrival and other parameters of plasma waves. Waves of either spontaneous or artificial origin are of interest. The particular objective of sensing direction is seen as one of several ways to use a measurement of the total phase difference between signals arriving at two receiver sites with a known baseline. The limitations of phase-path measurement using two conventional radio receivers with Global Positioning System (GPS) clocks are investigated. The inherent precision of GPS time means that GPS-based clocks can support useful phase-difference measurements up to at least High Frequency (3-30 MHz). For instance, when receiver separations of hundreds or thousands of meters are permitted, interferometer modes can be envisaged for synchronous detection of natural electromagnetic waves like auroral kilometric radiation or of artificial waves from ground transmitters. The double-heterodyne receiver concept is found to be more accurate than the direct waveform capture type. A rotating double payload comprising two receivers linked by a nonconducting tether, a bolas configuration, is one way to achieve a stable two-receiver direction finder in the ionosphere.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".