Phase‐Path Measurements in Space Using Receivers With GPS Clocks
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A number of new perspectives on wave processes in space may be obtained using a pair of phase-coherent receivers in close proximity to measure the direction of arrival and other parameters of plasma waves. Waves of either spontaneous or artificial origin are of interest. The particular objective of sensing direction is seen as one of several ways to use a measurement of the total phase difference between signals arriving at two receiver sites with a known baseline. The limitations of phase-path measurement using two conventional radio receivers with Global Positioning System (GPS) clocks are investigated. The inherent precision of GPS time means that GPS-based clocks can support useful phase-difference measurements up to at least High Frequency (3-30 MHz). For instance, when receiver separations of hundreds or thousands of meters are permitted, interferometer modes can be envisaged for synchronous detection of natural electromagnetic waves like auroral kilometric radiation or of artificial waves from ground transmitters. The double-heterodyne receiver concept is found to be more accurate than the direct waveform capture type. A rotating double payload comprising two receivers linked by a nonconducting tether, a bolas configuration, is one way to achieve a stable two-receiver direction finder in the ionosphere.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it