Medical resource use and costs associated with chylomicronemia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of severe hypertriglyceridemia (TG > 1000 mg/dl) is estimated at 150-400 per 100,000 individuals in North America. Severe hypertriglyceridemia in the fasting state is associated with increased acute pancreatitis risk and is a sign of chylomicronemia which reflects the accumulation in the bloodstream of chylomicrons, the large lipoprotein particles produced in the gut after a meal. OBJECTIVE: To assess medical resource use and costs associated with chylomicronemia. METHODS: Patients with chylomicronemia of different causes (≥2 diagnoses with ICD-9 code 272.3) were identified from a large US claims database (years 2000 to 2009) and matched 1:1 to controls free of chylomicronemia based on age, gender, demographics, comorbidities, and use of lipid lowering drugs. During a 1-year study period, medical resource use and costs associated with chylomicronemia or acute pancreatitis were compared between matched cases and controls. RESULTS: Among 6472 matched pairs, annual per-patient medical costs, calculated independently of the occurrence of acute pancreatitis, were significantly greater by $808 for chylomicronemia cases vs controls ($8029 vs $7220, p < 0.01), half of which was attributable to chylomicronemia-related services (p < 0.01). Chylomicronemia cases with a history of acute pancreatitis (n = 46) had greater rates of inpatient visits (p < 0.05) and greater average costs for subsequent acute pancreatitis or abdominal pain (p < 0.01) as well as greater total medical costs ($33,587 vs $4402, p < 0.01) vs matched controls. The average episode of acute pancreatitis (n = 104 episodes) generated medical costs of $31,820, almost entirely due to inpatient stays. LIMITATIONS: Triglyceride levels were not available to characterize disease severity. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with chylomicronemia, and especially those with a history of acute pancreatitis, incurred significantly greater total medical costs compared with individuals without chylomicronemia but with an otherwise comparable health profile.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".