Physically compliant, conditionally simulated spatially variable seismic ground motions for performance-based design
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The performance-based design of lifeline systems requires spatially variable seismic excitations at the structures' supports that are consistent with prescribed seismic ground motion characteristics and an appropriate spatial variability model—such motions can be obtained through conditional simulation. This work revisits the concept of conditional simulation and critically examines the conformity of the generated motions with the characteristics of the target random field and observations from data recorded at dense instrument arrays. Baseline adjustment processing techniques for recorded earthquake accelerograms are extended to fit the requirements of simulated and conditionally simulated spatially variable ground motions. Emphasis is placed on the use of causal vs acausal filtering in the data processing. Acceleration, velocity and displacement time histories are evaluated in two example applications of the approach. The first application deals with a prescribed synthetic time history that incorporates nonstationarity in the amplitude and frequency content of the motions and depends on earthquake magnitude, source–site distance and local soil conditions; this example results in zero residual displacements. The second application considers as prescribed time history a recording in the vicinity of a fault and yields nonzero residual displacements. It is shown that the conditionally simulated time histories preserve the characteristics of the prescribed ones and are consistent with the target random field. The results of this analysis suggest that the presented methodology provides a useful tool for the generation of spatially variable ground motions to be used in the performance-based design of lifeline systems. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it