Vitamin D deficiency in young children with severe acute lower respiratory infection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
RATIONALE: Acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) is one of the most common reasons for hospitalization and intensive care unit admission among children. Season related decreases in the immunomodulatory molecule, vitamin D, remain an unexplored factor that might contribute to the increased occurrence of ALRI in children. OBJECTIVE: To investigate a possible association between vitamin D deficiency and respiratory infection by comparing serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels in a group of young children with ALRI to an age-matched group without respiratory infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Participants with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis or pneumonia (n = 55 or 50, respectively), as well as control subjects without respiratory symptoms (n = 92), were recruited at the Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada from November 2007 to May 2008. 25(OH)D levels were measured in patient serum using a competitive enzyme linked immunoassay. RESULTS: The mean vitamin D level for the entire ALRI group was not significantly different from the control group (81 +/- 40 vs. 83 +/- 30 nmol/L, respectively). The mean vitamin D level for the ALRI subjects admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (49 +/- 24 nmol/L) was significantly lower than that observed for both control (83 +/- 30 nmol/L) and ALRI subjects admitted to the general pediatrics ward (87 +/- 39 nmol/L). Vitamin D deficiency remained statistically related to pediatric intensive care unit admission in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: No difference was observed in vitamin D levels between the entire ALRI group and control groups; however, significantly more children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit with ALRI were vitamin D deficient. These findings suggest that the immunomodulatory properties of vitamin D might influence ALRI disease severity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".