Radial hydraulic conductivity along developing onion roots
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although most studies have shown that water uptake varies along the length of a developing root, there is no consistent correlation of this pattern with root anatomy. In the present study, water movement into three zones of onion roots was measured by a series of mini-potometers. Uptake was least in the youngest zone (mean hydraulic conductivity, Lpr = 1.5 x 10(-7) +/- 0.34 x 10(-7) m MPa-1 s-1; +/- SE, n = 10 roots) in which the endodermis had developed only Casparian bands and the exodermis was immature. Uptake was significantly greater in the middle zone (Lpr = 2.4 x 10(-7) +/- 0.43 x 10(-7) m MPa-1 s-1; +/- SE, n = 10 roots) which had a mature exodermis with both Casparian bands and suberin lamellae, and continued at this level in the oldest zone in which the endodermis had also developed suberin lamellae (Lpr = 2.8 x 10(-7) +/- 0.30 x 10(-7) m MPa-1 s-1; +/- SE, n = 10 roots). Measurements of the hydraulic conductivities of individual cells (Lp) in the outer cortex using a cell pressure probe indicated that this parameter was uniform in all three zones tested (Lp = 1.3 x 10(-6) +/- 0.01 x 10(-6) m MPa-1 s-1; +/- SE, n = 60 cells). Lp of the youngest zone was lowered by mercuric chloride treatment, indicating the involvement of mercury-sensitive water channels (aquaporins). Water flow in the older two root zones measured by mini-potometers was also inhibited by mercuric chloride, despite the demonstrated impermeability of their exodermal layers to this substance. Thus, water channels in the epidermis and/or exodermis of the older regions were especially significant for water flow. The results of this and previous studies are discussed in terms of two models. The first, which describes maize root with an immature exodermis, is the 'uniform resistance model' where hydraulic resistances are evenly distributed across the root cylinder. The second, which describes the onion root with a mature exodermis, is the 'non-uniform resistance model' where resistances can be variable and are concentrated in a certain layer(s) on the radial path.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it