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Record W2171356807

Managing migration: The global challenge.

2008· article· en· W2171356807 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenuePopulation bulletin · 2008
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicMigration and Labor Dynamics
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsDeveloping countryDeveloped countryEmigrationPersecutionPopulationImmigrationDevelopment economicsEconomic growthPolitical scienceGeographyEconomicsDemographySociologyPolitics
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The number of international migrants is at an all-time high. There were 191 million migrants in 2005 which means that 3 percent of the worlds people left their country of birth or citizenship for a year or more. The number of international migrants in industrialized countries more than doubled between 1985 and 2005 from almost 55 million to 120 million. However most of the worlds 6.6 billion people never cross a national border; most live and die near their place of birth. Those who cross national borders usually move to nearby countries for example from Mexico to the United States or from Turkey to Germany. The largest flow of migrants is from less developed to more developed countries. In 2005 62 million migrants from developing countries moved to more developed countries but almost as many migrants (61 million) moved from one developing country to another such as from Indonesia to Malaysia. Large flows of people also move from one industrialized country to another from Canada to theUnited States for example and much smaller flows move from more developed to less developed countries such as people from Japan who work in or retire to Thailand. The international community believes that international should be voluntary and has tried to minimize forced migration whether motivated by persecution or economic deprivation at home. The United Nations 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights asserts that everyone has the right to leave any country including his own and to return to his country. However the right to emigrate does not give migrants a right to immigrate and most migrants are not welcomed unconditionally into the countries to which they move. (excerpt)

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.899
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.026
GPT teacher head0.290
Teacher spread0.263 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it