Bibliographic record
Abstract
The number of international migrants is at an all-time high. There were 191 million migrants in 2005 which means that 3 percent of the worlds people left their country of birth or citizenship for a year or more. The number of international migrants in industrialized countries more than doubled between 1985 and 2005 from almost 55 million to 120 million. However most of the worlds 6.6 billion people never cross a national border; most live and die near their place of birth. Those who cross national borders usually move to nearby countries for example from Mexico to the United States or from Turkey to Germany. The largest flow of migrants is from less developed to more developed countries. In 2005 62 million migrants from developing countries moved to more developed countries but almost as many migrants (61 million) moved from one developing country to another such as from Indonesia to Malaysia. Large flows of people also move from one industrialized country to another from Canada to theUnited States for example and much smaller flows move from more developed to less developed countries such as people from Japan who work in or retire to Thailand. The international community believes that international should be voluntary and has tried to minimize forced migration whether motivated by persecution or economic deprivation at home. The United Nations 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights asserts that everyone has the right to leave any country including his own and to return to his country. However the right to emigrate does not give migrants a right to immigrate and most migrants are not welcomed unconditionally into the countries to which they move. (excerpt)
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.008 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.039 | 0.018 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".