The<i>C. elegans</i>T-type calcium channel CCA-1 boosts neuromuscular transmission
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Low threshold-activated or T-type calcium channels are postulated to mediate a variety of bursting and rhythmic electrical firing events. However, T-type channels' exact physiological contributions have been difficult to assess because of their incompletely defined pharmacology and the difficulty in isolating T-type currents from more robust high threshold calcium currents. A current in C. elegans pharyngeal muscle displays the kinetic features of a T-type calcium channel and is absent in animals homozygous for mutations at the cca-1 locus (see accompanying paper). cca-1 is expressed in pharyngeal muscle and encodes a protein (CCA-1) with strong homology to the alpha1 subunits of vertebrate T-type channels. We show that CCA-1 plays a critical role at the pharyngeal neuromuscular junction, permitting the efficient initiation of action potentials in response to stimulation by the MC motor neuron. Loss of cca-1 function decreases the chance that excitatory input from MC will successfully trigger an action potential, and reduces the ability of an animal to take in food. Intracellular voltage recordings demonstrate that when wild-type cca-1 is absent, the depolarizing phase of the pharyngeal action potential tends to plateau or stall near -30 mV, the voltage at which the CCA-1 channel is likely to be activated. We conclude that the CCA-1 T-type calcium channel boosts the excitatory effect of synaptic input, allowing for reliable and rapid depolarization and contraction of the pharyngeal muscle. We also show that the pharyngeal muscle employs alternative strategies for initiating action potentials in certain cases of compromised MC motor neuron function.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it