Bibliographic record
Abstract
Most flatfish, of the order Pleuronectiformes, possess a white lower side, and a brown or grey upper side. This upper side can display integumentary patterning with dark areas and colored or white spots. Chromatophores in flatfish are dermal and epidermal melanophores, as well as dermal xanthophores, erythrophores, iridophores, and leucophores, combinations of which contribute to the color and patterning. Cellular studies demonstrate pattern-related differences in numerical distribution between the types of chromatophores, and in their size, both of which will enhance contrast between areas of the pattern. As well as these morphological characteristics, there are also clear physiological differences, with melanophores from various areas of the patterns demonstrating differential responsiveness to background and to stress/excitement stimuli. Regulation of flatfish melanophore responses is predominantly neural, through the sympathetic nervous system; the pituitary hormones in these fish function in maintaining final equilibria in physiological adaptations to backgrounds. Melanophores from main components of patterns also respond differently in vitro to electrical stimulation, to pituitary hormones, and to sympathomimetic drugs and their antagonists. Sensitivity characteristics with alpha- and beta-adrenergic pharmacological reagents in vitro indicate the existence of a pattern-related balance in alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor mediation in melanophore regulation. The patterning mechanism is complex, with both morphological and physiological differences at the chromatophore level, as well as involvement of central processing and control, which remains to be analysed.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".