Timing and Location of Wing Molt in Horned, Red-necked and Western Grebes in North America
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We document timing and location of wing molt in the Horned Grebe (Podiceps auritus), Red-necked Grebe (Podiceps grisegena), and Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis). Horned Grebes left breeding ponds in late May to August and were observed on large ponds and lakes (near breeding locations) where they replaced remiges before progressing to wintering areas in September and October. Red-necked Grebes moved to much larger bodies of water such as the Great Lakes and the coast following breeding and prior to molt. On the Pacific Coast, Boundary Bay, British Columbia was identified as a major molt site. Freshwater molting areas were identified around Manitoulin Island in northern Lake Huron. On the Atlantic coast, molt sites were located in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Western Grebes were found in wing molt at both large freshwater lakes and coastal locations (including Boundary Bay, British Columbia). Like the Great Crested Grebe (P. cristatus) and Eared Grebe (P. nigricollis), Horned, Red-necked and Western Grebes move to special molt locations following breeding.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it