Speed of Internationalization: Mutual Effects of Individual‐ and Company‐ Level Antecedents
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In recent years many small, young firms have started internationalizing early and have become ‘born globals’ (BGs). This study traces the phenomenon to five individual‐level and company‐level antecedents, including propensity to act, risk tolerance, company‐level organization of knowledge, ability to forge company‐level consensus, and company‐level responsiveness to new environments. Individual‐level antecedents are entrepreneurs' psychological qualities and company‐level antecedents are organizational behaviors. While these antecedents may or may not individually contribute to the rapid internationalization of small BGs, their interaction significantly speeds up the process. Evidence collected in this study demonstrates that the interaction among these antecedents is a complex mechanism. The interaction can be moderation, mediation, and even mediated moderation. The complex interaction of these antecedents explains the fast internationalization of BGs. The evidence sheds light on the relationships between entrepreneurs' psychological qualities and organizational behaviors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.023 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".