Dispersal of Adult Western Flower Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Chrysanthemum Plants: Impact of Feeding-Induced Senescence of Inflorescences
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The current study investigated the interaction among density, feeding impact, and dispersal of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), on potted flowering chrysanthemum plants. In cage experiments using chrysanthemum plants infested with either 0, 400, 800, or 1,200 thrips, the proportion of senescent inflorescences increased with time and with the number of thrips released on chrysanthemum plants. Positive correlations between the proportion of senescent inflorescences and the density of thrips per inflorescence for different time periods indicate that the feeding activity of thrips causes a premature senescence of inflorescences. On plants infested with 0 or 400 thrips, population density slightly increased for 10–14 d and then leveled off; on plants infested with 800 or 1,200 thrips, in contrast, population density remained high for 7–10 d and then steadily declined to very low levels. A high proportion of senescent inflorescences was positively correlated with the proportion of females that dispersed on blue sticky cards for different time periods, whereas the rate of dispersal by males was not consistently impacted by the quality of inflorescences. Releasing adult thrips marked with fluorescent powder in greenhouses indicated that the quality of inflorescences meditates the dispersal behavior of adult thrips up to a distance of 4 m: females are more likely to disperse from senescent than healthy inflorescences and preferentially colonize healthy inflorescences over senescent inflorescences. The dispersal behavior of adult thrips has important implications in terms of sex-specific optimal reproductive strategies, sampling procedures, and population dynamics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".