Substrate conditions, root and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation of landforms rehabilitated after coal mining, sub-tropical Queensland
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The abilities of roots and their mycorrhizal symbionts to colonise often unfavourable materials are critical to successful ecosystem development after mining, both for long-term sustainability and for more immediate erosion control. In this study we examined the capacities of grass roots and their mycorrhizas to colonise successfully a range of soils and post-mining wastes following rehabilitation of landforms constructed after coal mining. Mean soil pH was slightly acidic and within the normal range for soils (pH(H2O) range ca 5–8) while the wastes were predominantly alkaline and more widely variable (pH(H2O) range ca 4–10). Soils were non-saline or slightly saline while most wastes were saline or highly saline. Both soils and waste materials were variably sodic. The depth distributions of fine roots and incidences of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonisation were assessed in the dominant perennial grasses and herbaceous plants in sites rehabilitated for periods ranging from ca 0.3 to 9.4 years. The concentrations of spores of AM fungi in the post mining materials were also assessed. No major barriers to root penetration were apparent in any of the minesoils examined and roots had colonised a range of materials, including some substrates putatively hostile to plant growth. Furthermore, significant mycorrhizal activity was measured in all landforms assessed, despite their lack of inoculation with AM fungi. Arbuscular mycorrhizal spore concentrations were unusually high in some surface soils but declined markedly with depth in the profile. Both AM spores and root colonisation regularly occurred to depths of 1.0 m or more but the highest concentrations occurred at less than 0.40 m. The consistent colonisation by roots and mycorrhizas of an eclectic range of post-mining soils and wastes demonstrated the innate capacity of (at least) the gross components of the plant-soil system to develop rapidly and extensively in favourable and unfavourable post-mining substrates. Of particular interest was the comprehensive and relatively-rapid natural colonisation by AM fungi of the biologically sterile, and sometimes chemically-hostile mine wastes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemma | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Observational | low |
| gpt | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Observational | low |
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedLabeled directly by 2 models reading the full record.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".