Explaining the First Emancipation: Social Movements and Abolition in the U.S. North, 1776-1804
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Why did states in the US North abolish slavery? This question remains unanswered, despite nearly 150 years of historical work on the subject. To explore this question I offer two "firsts": the use of social movement theory to frame the research, and a quantitative analysis of an original data set to test the theory. I contribute to movement scholarship by examining a number of themes neglected in work on the political outcomes of activism: movement-countermovement dynamics; the link between religious beliefs and religious activism; the outcomes of religious movements; and the economic interests of social actors. Results show that emancipation was affected by Quaker-led antibondage protests; the countermovement of the Dutch Reformed church; this-worldly and otherworldly religions; economic incentives; and political opportunities. Black protest had no impact on abolition, challenging the thesis of black resistance as a major factor in emancipation.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it