Automatically determining the origin direction and propagation mode of high-frequency radar backscatter
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Elevation angles of returned backscatter are calculated at Super Dual Auroral Radar Network radars using interferometric techniques. These elevation angles allow the altitude of the reflection point to be estimated, an essential piece of information for many ionospheric studies. The elevation angle calculation requires knowledge of the azimuthal return angle. This directional angle is usually assumed to lie along a narrow beam from the front of the radar, even though the signals are known to return from both in front of and behind the radar. If the wrong direction of return is assumed, large uncertainties will be introduced through the azimuthal return angle. This paper introduces a means of automatically determining the correct direction of arrival and the propagation mode of backscatter. The application of this method will improve the accuracy of backscatter elevation angle data and aid in the interpretation of both ionospheric and ground backscatter observations.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it