Lepraria adhaerens: a new species from North America.
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The occurrence of the sorediate species Porpidia soredizodes (Nyl.ex Lamy) J.R. Laundon in North America is confirmed based on a collection from the zinc contaminated superfund site at Lehigh Gap, Carbon Co., Pennsylvania.Another recent collection from Connecticut is also referable to P. soredizodes and two earlier collections from eastern Canada that were provisionally referred to this species are re-examined.Recently, while surveying the lichen communities of Lehigh Gap, Carbon County, Pennsylvania, two of us (JCL & NMH) observed a large population of a sorediate crustose lichen that we had not seen previously while collecting in eastern North America.The species was abundant on acidic rock talus on the upper slopes of the western side of the Gap and had significant cover in several plots being studied by the third author.We collected several specimens of the lichen and brought them back to Philadelphia where TLC revealed that they contained stictic acid and we determined that they likely represented a species of Porpidia, a determination supported by the presence of immature apothecia on some of the collections.The first author agreed to examine the specimens and determined that they represented P. soredizodes (Nyl.ex Lamy) J.R. Laundon, a species not definitely previously reported from North America.Richard Harris, at the New York Botanic garden (NY), kindly sent us four more sterile, sorediate, saxicolous crusts containing stictic acid from north-east North America and one, from Connecticut (see below), was also P. soredizodes.Porpidia soredizodes is characterized by having a thin, gray areolate thallus containing stictic acid (K+ yellow, Pd+ orange), lacking an amyloid medulla, and with numerous, small (ca.0.3 mm diam.), discrete, usually tuberculate soralia containing blue-grey or cream-colored soredia (Fig. 1A).Poorly developed specimens may have a scurfy, almost non-existent thallus.Apothecia are rare, but suggest that this taxon is the sorediate counterpart of P. crustulata (Ach.)Hertel & Knoph (Rambold 1989, Gowan & Ahti 1993).Porpidia soredizodes is a frequent species in northern and central Europe where it occurs on siliceous rocks and pebbles in lowland situations (Galloway & Coppins 1993).It has also been reported from Australia (Rambold 1989).Porpidia soredizodes superficially resembles P. tuberculosa (Sm.)Hertel & Knoph, but that species has a thallus containing confluentic acid (K-, Pd-) and an amyloid (I+ blue) medulla.Three other sorediate Porpidia taxa that contain stictic acid are known from eastern North America: P. ochrolemma (Vain.)Brodo & R. Sant., P. superba f. sorediata Fryday, and the un-named sorediate morph of P. albocaerulescens (Wulfen) Hertel & Knoph.Porpidia ochrolemma is easily distinguished by its persistently orange thallus, whereas P. superba f. sorediata has a smooth, cracked-areolate, creamy-white thallus with raised soralia and occurs on basic and/or flushed rocks in upland areas (Fryday 2005), and P. albocaerulescens differs in having a paler (creamy to pale gray), smooth, continuous, cracked-rimose, thallus that is usually much thicker than that of P. soredizodes.The sorediate morph of Porpidia albocaerulescens is also usually fertile (Gowan 1989a), in which case it is readily distinguishable from P.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it