Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper dealt with the development process of the Labour Laws and labour movements in the advanced capitalistic countries before and after the World War Ⅰ and Ⅱ, and is largely divided into three parts. The first part dealt with the point that the conflict between labour and management occurred in each country in the process of transition from the period of industrial capitalism economy to the that of monopolistic capitalism economy as well as inhumane treatment of labourers based on low wage and long working hours served the origin of labour movements. The second part dealt with the international unfair competition practices in the competitive relationship of each countries' monopolistic capital as well as the process of its result which served the cause of the most tragic and inhumane global wars of World War Ⅰ and Ⅱ. The third part comprehensively unfolded the laws of several major countries focusing on the changes the laws after the two the World Wars and then the conclusion of this paper was made. Taking a further look at the overview of the contents of this paper, in the Chapter 1 'Introduction', the direction for the development of this paper was set by starting with the fact that labor law was originated from the fabricating characteristics of Civil Law. The Chapter 2 'The World War Ⅰ and Development of Labour Law' dealt with the development of Labour Laws before and after the World War Ⅰ and also dealt with the labourers' struggle for rights, the background of the early legislation of Labour Law, law ideas and changes after the war, especially labour policies in the Russian Revolution and fascist labor policies in 3-nation Alliance among Germany, Italy and Japan in the 30's were compared with the labour policies of un-fascist Allied Powers. From this viewpoint, we can say that the World War Ⅱ was the battle between the Allied Powers such as the U. S. A, England, Canada, Soviet Union and Australia in which labour unions were allowed and 3-nation Alliance among Germany. Italy and Japan, From this aspect, the trends of labour movements, Labour Laws and Civil Law in the countries were researched from law-sociologic viewpoint. The Chapter 3 'Changes and Characteristics before and after the World War Ⅱ' dealt with the point that the competition between ideology and system went into fierce battles as the world was divided in to the East and the West due to the competition between post war capitalistic system and socialistic system. As a result, there is a competition in the East and the West bloc in terms of Labour Law as we have seen from the East/West competition, and we were able to make judgment about the fact that the legislative system of our country did not reach to the international level as yet at that time by reviewing the legislative systems of Soviet Union, a socialistic country, the U. S. A. England, Germany, Italy. France and Japan which is nearby our country. And the Chapter 4 'Conclusion' dealt with the fabricating characteristics and deceitfulness and the future tasks of the Labour Law on behalf of conclusion, and simultaneously dealt with the facts that the Labour Law has been unfolded and developed through the quantitative and qualitative expansion in the form of revising the abstractive principle of the Civil Law using two axles of rights of so called 'Concrete Existence' and 'Unity' while internationally expanding the civil rights of laborers. Therefore, as a .lesson from the history of the Labour Law, this paper elaborated the need for correct understanding of the falsehood and guiltiness of the Civil Law and at the same time for the danger of the regime such as Nazi being inevitably emerged through the development of the Labour Law from the civil law viewpoint in the almighty law principle for the breakthrough of the contradiction of the falsehood and guiltiness. Accordingly, in order to prevent from making such phenomena happen, this paper called for the need to develop the Labour Law only after the review from law-sociological aspect for the international standard for the Labour Law, the contents and level of positive laws of the country, the trend of academic theory, the trend of leading cases and then also after future tasks and prospects while reviewing the law-ideas of the time based on historic background and from international viewpoint of the laws as well as recognizing the true level of legislative system before the development of the Labour Law. Lastly, urgent task of our country requires us to uplift the level of our Labour Law up to that of international standard based on ILO Agreement and recommendations before we try to uplift the level of the Labour Law to that of advanced countries, and therefore this paper pointed out the essential need for the revision or legislation of the Labour Law up to international level at minimum, the reason for which is that there is no case at all where the country which did not reach the international standard has become an advanced country.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.021 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".