Water Surface Characteristics of Submerged Rectangular Sharp-Crested Weirs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate the water surface characteristics of submerged flow over sharp-crested weirs. Interesting observations were made on the water surface profiles near the weir as weir submergence sets in as well as for various stages of submergence. Submerged flow was divided into four regimes: (I) impinging jet, (II) surface jump, (III) surface wave, and (IV) surface jet. It was found that a surface jump turned into a surface wave when the wave trough became level with the tip of the weir. The surface jet regime began as the surface waves faded out. A condition was set to quantify the boundary between the surface wave and surface jet regimes. Based on flow observations, the surface jet regime sets in as the amplitude of the surface wave becomes small (i.e., less than 0.1h, where h is the head). An empirical equation was developed based on the literature data to predict the discharge reduction factor in the generally used discharge equation. This formulation was compared with other formulations in the literature. It was found that the proposed formulation provides a slightly better estimation of flow discharge.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".