Personal listening habits and the potential for hearing loss of Canadian university students
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rationale: Personal and external factors, such as earphone type and music preference, can influence music volume adjustment beyond safe levels. The present study attempted to identify which factors are most influential on volume adjustment. Method: A cross-sectional survey of university students (n = 75) who use personal listening devices (PLD) was performed. Additionally, each participant's PLD music volume was measured through their earphones. Results: On average, participants listened to music at safe (<85 dB) but high levels (79.8 dB) for generally less than four hours per day. Nearly 60% of respondents used earbuds and half preferred “noisy” music genres such as hip-hop and rock/folk. The vast majority of respondents indicated listening to music while travelling by bus for the purpose of blocking out environmental noise or out of boredom. About 75% of the participants were categorized as “pro-noise”. Most students claimed to respond to changing noise environments by adjusting music volume, but few enabled PLD built-in volume controls. Impact: This study determined that earphone type, listening environment, music genre, and listening duration were influential on an participants’ adjustment of music volume. Further research is needed to assess earphone quality and to clearly elucidate more complex associations between external or personal factors and volume adjustment.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it