Mechanisms involved in cAMP mediated inhibition of the Ubiquitin‐Proteasome system
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aim: This study was undertaken to investigate the role of beta‐2 adrenoceptors and cAMP in regulating the Ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS) in skeletal muscle from normal rats. Methods and results: The activity of UPS and the Akt/FoxO signaling pathway were measured in skeletal muscle from rats treated with clenbuterol (3 mg/kg wt; sc), a selective beta‐2 adrenergic agonist, for 3 days. In extensor digital longus (EDL) muscle, clenbuterol increased by 30% muscle weight, reduced by 45% the UPS activity and increased by 30% the phosphorylation of Akt and FoxO3. The addition of isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX; 10 −3 M), a cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor, to the incubation medium increased cAMP levels (4‐fold) and decreased by 50% the UPS activity in isolated soleus and EDL muscles from normal rats. IBMX in vitro also reduced the levels of ubiquitin‐protein conjugated and the mRNA levels of the atrogin‐1/MAF bx (50%) and the E 2 ‐14KDa ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (30%) transcripts in muscles from normal rats. Ubiquitin and MuRF1 mRNA were not altered by IBMX in vitro. Conclusions: These data suggest that stimulation of beta‐2 adrenoceptors, through the activation of cAMP and Akt signaling pathways, inhibit ubiquitin‐proteasome proteolysis by increasing FoxO3 phosphorylation and suppressing atrogin‐1 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle from normal rats. Financial support: CNPq, CAPES, FAPESP
Stored with the screening record, where it is evidence for the labels above.
How this classification was reachedexpand
The three-model screen
all 5,600 screened works →All three models called this out of scope.
Physiology study of cAMP-mediated inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in rat skeletal muscle.
It studies cellular signaling and proteolysis in rat muscle, not research methods or the research system.
Domain muscle physiology and UPS regulation in rats, not a study of research practice.
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".