Pathways to criminalization for street-involved youth who use illicit substances
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Illicit drug use and homelessness among street-involved young people remain community and public health concerns, in part because of their association with ‘public disorder’, as well as increased encounters between youth, police, the criminal justice system, and the associated health-related harms. In the public imagination, illicit drug use, homelessness, and police encounters (including incarceration) are often understood as problems rooted in individual biographies. In general, there has been a lack of attention to the larger historical, institutional, and social-spatial contexts that converge across time, to increase young people’s risk of coming into contact with police and the criminal justice system. Drawing from a longitudinal ethnography with street-involved young people who use illicit drugs in Vancouver, Canada, we highlight two qualitative case studies that illustrate some of the ‘pathways’ to criminalization among this population. Specifically, these case studies reflect the complex linkages between child apprehension, foster care, homelessness, illicit substance use, and incarceration (juvenile detention and prison) across time. Our findings highlight the role of state interventions in perpetuating the marginalization that occurs across young people’s lives, in ways that increase their vulnerability to police and criminal justice encounters.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it