Modification of the Relation Between Grade and Curvature — Purpose, Reasons, and Advantages
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In cases where grades and horizontal curves are combined, the current relation between the grade and the degree of curve, D, is defined as follows:G+cD=r in which G = The maximum allowable compensated grade in %, D = Degree of curve, c = 0.04, compensation factor in % grade per degree of curve, r = The maximum grade achievable by the train in %. The above relation is a design tool to combine grade and curvature. The author intends to modify the above relation for two purposes — • to make the relation more rational for combining grade and curve for LRT design, and • to make the relation useful in computing the installation slope of special trackwork. A modified formula is suggested as under:G+cD=kr in which c = compensation factor in % grade per degree of curve determined on the basis of curvature, k = grade reduction factor arbitrarily chosen between 0.2 ∼ 1 depending on curvature and type of rail. The justification of the proposed modification and the advantages of the modified formula are discussed in details.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it