Behavior of Sulfur during the Pyrolysis of Tires
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The mechanisms of transfer of sulfur to the volatile phase and char phase during the pyrolysis of tires have been investigated by complementing the available literature data with TGA experiments. For isothermal experiments, the global selectivity expression could be simplified into an intrinsic form of sulfur loss selectivity, which is solely a function of temperature. Two other phenomena have been found to influence the intrinsic sulfur loss selectivity: solid matrix desulfurization and metals sulfidation. In the case where tires would contain no metals and pyrolysis was performed at a temperature of 400°C or higher, decomposition kinetics is limiting and the intrinsic sulfur loss selectivity would converge to the value of 1. Below 350 °C, mass transfer limitation will promote solid matrix desulfurization, producing sulfur loss selectivity greater than 1. Over 350 °C, if zinc and/or steel are present in tires, sulfidation will cluster sulfur in the solid phase and sulfur loss selectivity will become lower than 1. A developed form of sulfur loss selectivity could be obtained to account for these phenomena.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".