Molecular dynamics study of nano-scale Ag surface electromigration and effect of Pd coating layer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ag is the most conductive metal but is vulnerable to electromigration (EM), which can limit its application in e.g. microelectronics. Molecular dynamics (MD) is used to simulate the migrating behavior of an Ag surface by adding an extra directional force on each atom. The migration of Ag atoms is found to be limited to the topmost 4 (002) lattice planes in the first 40 ns while atoms in the crystal bulk remain oscillating around their equilibrium positions. A Pd coating layer is shown to be a protection from EM for an Ag surface. After adding a layer of 9 Pd (002) lattice planes, the same procedure is repeated with different forces. No migration happens until the extra directional force become so large that all atoms of the model end up moving freely. The MD model presented in this paper can lead to an understanding of EM at the atomic scale and a guideline for potential reliability improvement of microelectronics by coating technology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".