Computational Simulation for Trabecular Adaptation in Human Proximal Femur Using Design Space Optimization
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
There are a large number of clinical and experimental studies that analyzed trabecular architecture as a result of bone adaptation. However, only a limited amount of quantitative data is currently available on the progress of trabecular adaptation during growth. In this paper, we proposed a two-step numerical simulation method that determines trabecular adaptation progress during growth using a recently developed topology optimization algorithm, design space optimization (DSO), under the hypothesis that the mechanisms of DSO are functionally equivalent to those of bone adaptation. We applied the proposed scheme to trabecular adaptation in human proximal femur. For the simulation, the full trabecular architecture in human proximal femur was represented by a two dimensional μFE model with 50μm resolution. In Step 1, we determined a reference value that regulates trabecular adaptation in human proximal femur. In Step 2, we simulated trabeuclar adaptation in human proximal femur during growth with the reference value derived in Step 1. We analyzed the architectural properties of trabecular patterns through iterations. From the comparison with experimental data in the literature, we showed that in the early growth stage trabecular adaptation was achieved mainly by increasing bone volume fraction, while in the later stage of the development the trabecular architecture gained higher structural efficiency by increasing structural anisotropy with a relatively low level of bone volume fraction. We demonstrated that the proposed numerical framework determined the growing progress of trabecular bone that has a close correlation with experimental data.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it