Experimental Investigation of Fracture in Wrinkled Pipelines Under Monotonic Axial and Bending Deformation
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Buried pipelines, used by petrochemical industries in North America for transporting oil and derivatives, are often subjected to large deformations resulting from geoenvironmental factors such as: geotechnical movements, thermal strains, and internal fluid pressure. Exceeding the critical deformation limit of these pipes initiates wrinkles and further increase may result in fracture; thus jeopardizing the safe operation of a field pipeline. A recent field fracture and failed laboratory specimens under monotonic load history addresses the necessity of conducting a full-scale test program for the better understanding of the complete post-wrinkling behaviour and failure modes of wrinkled pipes under similar loading condition inducing axial and bending deformation. Six tests with two sizes of pipe (NPS16 and NPS20), representative of those used in pipelines for transmission of hydrocarbons, were performed. Only one of the tests were found to yield the desired failure mode and hence chosen to present and discuss in this paper in detail to understand the tearing mode of failure. However, test results in general had shown that both X60-grade and X65-grade steel pipelines generally exhibited a ductile behavior after wrinkling. Eventually, these line pipes failed in a deformation mode due to excessive cross-sectional deformation and several occurrences of rupture at the wrinkle face of the bent pipe were observed.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it