Extending the SPeAD-M86 Model: Incorporating the Effects of F<sub>10.7</sub> Variations on Atmospheric Density
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents an extension to the SPeAD-M86 model by Kedare & Ulrich (2015) by incorporating variations in atmospheric density resulting from the 11-year solar cycle, as quantied using the F 10:7 index. It focuses on utilizing sinusoidal and exponential piece-wise functions to estimate temporal density changes in the atmosphere at geometric altitudes ranging from 0 { 1000 km. The model is validated against data from existing analytical and empirical atmospheric models. It is then implemented in a Matlab-Simulink orbit and attitude propagation environment to assess its stability, validity, and computational footprint at various instances in the solar cycle. The orbital elements from each simulation were compared against those obtained from baseline \truth simulations run using the Naval Research Lab (NRL) MSISE-00 model. Results indicate improvements in accuracy compared to the SPeAD-M86 model with minimal increase in computational run time.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".