Thin-Walled, Cold-Formed, Steel-Welded Tube Design in a Long Span Dome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Experiments are performed to validate the American Iron and Steel Institute's Direct Strength Method (DSM) for cold-formed steel design applied to a unique, thin-walled, 3-radius, cold-formed steel oval tube. The tube segments make up a structural system for long span domes with surface areas over 20,000 m2. While it is expected that the dome design will be governed by overall global buckling under dead load, the compressive strength of the individual tubes experiencing local buckling is also checked. Strength prediction methods are limited for thin-walled steel tubes, especially for non-rectangular cross-sections, leaving engineers with few validated approaches for predicting axial capacity including local buckling. Stub column experiments are conducted to evaluate local buckling behavior and tested capacities are compared to DSM predictions employing finite strip elastic buckling analysis. It is confirmed with elastic buckling studies and the experiments that local buckling tendencies are reduced with radial curvature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".