Limestone Particle Attrition in High-Velocity Air Jets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Experiments were carried out with limestone particles of several narrow size intervals (125–180, 250–300, 355–425, 500–600, 600–710, 710–850, and 850–1037 μm) for times ranging from 0.5 to 144 h in a high-velocity jet apparatus to provide a more comprehensive understanding of jet attrition. The theory of cumulative damage for fatigue is applied to explain the particle attrition mechanisms and to build an attrition model. Fines generation processes differed for limestone particles of different initial sizes, especially in the initial stage, because of the effects of rough surfaces and cumulative damage needed for attrition. In the model, the fines generation rates in the initial stage was well fitted by an exponential function with an index inversely proportional to the particle volume until stable stages were reached, whereas the rate of fines generation during the stable stage appeared to be constant for narrowly sized limestone particles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".