Seismic Behavior of Steel HSS X-Bracing of the Conventional Construction Category
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the results of an ongoing research project on the seismic performance of concentrically braced steel frames of the Conventional Construction category designed according to NBCC 2010 and CSA-S16 seismic provisions. The braced frames studied are of the tension-compression X-bracing configuration and special attention is devoted to the response of the connection at the brace intersection point. Numerical simulations were performed to determine the inelastic demand on the braces and brace connections. A test program including four full-scale quasistatic cyclic tests was carried out to verify the findings of the numerical simulations. The results indicate that the behaviour of the bracing members is influenced by the type of mid-connection. In particular, connections with single lap splices at the intersection of the braces may be prone to local instability. In all tests, failure occurred in the connections, indicating that more attention must be paid in design to prevent premature and brittle failure in connections.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".