Heating plant input–output efficiency in two cold-climate institutional buildings with condensing hot water boilers
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Seasonal input–output efficiencies of two heating plants with condensing boilers in cold climate institutional buildings (3300 m 2 school and 12,000 m 2 university building) were evaluated. Plant efficiency remained about the same or declined with load, contrary to typical lab boiler ratings, which show efficiency increasing at lower loads. These results occurred when the boilers were operated with return water temperatures largely in the condensing range. Heating plant load was often 25% or less of the rated load of a single boiler, resulting in heating plant input–output efficiencies well below rated boiler efficiencies. Practical application: In-situ boiler plant input–output efficiencies can differ widely from manufacturer's boiler efficiency curves. For applications such as simulation for energy-efficient design, effective decision-making depends on accurately estimating real-world performance.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it